Chromoblastomycosis: a contemporary review of a neglected disease

Of the melanized fungal infections affecting humans, chromoblastomycosis (CBM) remains the most prevalent. Also known as chromomycosis, this condition typically manifests as insidious-onset cutaneous lesions that eventually progress to cause physical disability. CBM is considered a neglected tropical disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization because of its significant impact on populations living in poverty throughout tropical regions, the paucity of research, and the opportunity to improve treatment and prevention. In many individuals, the diagnosis is delayed and this is thought to be because of the multitude of clinical mimics and the lack of general awareness. Furthermore, the subcutaneous invasion of this infection creates therapeutic challenges. A small number of studies have identified partially successful treatments and potential pharmacological targets. In this article we present an updated review of this condition to give a contemporary perspective on a neglected disease.