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Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Catatonia: American Psychiatric Association Resource Document.

Jo Ellen Wilson1, Mark A Oldham2, Andrew Francis3

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This resource document provides a framework for understanding catatonia, covering its history, diagnosis, and treatment. It aids psychiatrists and mental health professionals in managing this complex condition.

Keywords:
catatoniaelectroconvulsive therapyepidemiologyrating scalesrisk factorstreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Catatonia is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome requiring specialized understanding.
  • The American Psychiatric Association convened a work group to develop a resource document on catatonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To support psychiatrists, trainees, and mental healthcare workers in understanding catatonia.
  • To provide a framework for the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of catatonia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of catatonia history, epidemiology, prevalence, and risk factors.
  • Detailed examination of diagnostic methods, including rating scales, criteria, and medical evaluations.
  • Exploration of differential diagnoses, pathophysiology, interventions, and specific population considerations.

Main Results:

  • The document offers a comprehensive overview of catatonia.
  • It includes differential diagnoses such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome and autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Key interventions like benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • This resource document serves as a valuable guide for clinicians.
  • It emphasizes the importance of a thorough evaluation and tailored treatment approach for catatonia.
  • Ethical and legal considerations, along with educational resources, are also addressed.