Prospects for application of population genetics for control of tsetse flies in Africa

We present information on genetic connectivity among and between tsetse fly populations, and prospects for its application in control of the flies in Africa. Connected populations pose challenges to localized vector control efforts than isolated populations. Most Palpalis group tsetse flies are generally genetically connected, while their Morsitans counterparts are isolated. Effective control strategies for connected populations should target drivers of migration between the populations. Isolated populations can be targets for eradication due to reduced risk of reinvasion. Population genetics has limited applications in assessing the performance of control efforts. There are significant gaps in the population genetics information of tsetse flies in Africa.