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Leveraging chicken embryos for studying human enhancers.

Ruth M Williams1

  • 1University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Developmental Biology
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Chicken embryos provide an accessible in vivo model to study human gene regulatory networks and enhancer function. This approach helps validate enhancer predictions and understand their role in human diseases.

Keywords:
Chicken embryoEnhancerEnhanceropathiesGene regulatory networksHumanIn vivo

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gene regulatory networks control cellular functions and cell identity.
  • Transcriptional enhancers, located in the non-coding genome, regulate gene expression.
  • Pathogenic variants in enhancers can lead to human diseases, posing a challenge for correlation with aberrant activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the advantages of using chicken embryos for in vivo validation of human enhancer activity.
  • To review advancements in using chicken embryos to study enhancer function.
  • To discuss the implications for understanding human diseases linked to enhancer variants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing epigenome data to identify putative tissue-specific enhancers.
  • Employing chicken embryos as an in vivo model for enhancer activity assessment.
  • Leveraging the parallels between early chick and human embryogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Chicken embryos offer an accessible and effective in vivo system for studying human enhancer sequences.
  • Recent advancements facilitate the elucidation of enhancer activity in a developmental context.
  • This model aids in validating predicted enhancers from epigenome data.

Conclusions:

  • Chicken embryos are a valuable model for in vivo validation of human enhancer function.
  • Understanding enhancer activity in embryogenesis is crucial for disease gene discovery.
  • This research highlights the potential of avian models in human disease research.