Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

1.3K
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
1.3K
Equipotential Surfaces and Field Lines01:29

Equipotential Surfaces and Field Lines

3.6K
Electric potential can be pictorially represented as a three-dimensional surface. On such a surface, the electric potential is constant everywhere. The equipotential surface is always perpendicular to the electric field lines, and while it is three-dimensional, it can be treated as an equipotential line in a two-dimensional case. These equipotential lines are also always perpendicular to electric field lines. The term equipotential is often used as a noun, referring to an equipotential line or...
3.6K
Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors01:16

Equipotential Surfaces and Conductors

3.3K
For a conductor in which all charges are at rest, the conductor's surface is equipotential. The electric field is always perpendicular to equipotential surfaces. Therefore, in a conductor with static charges, the electric field just outside the conductor is always perpendicular to the conductor's surface. Any tangential component of the electric field will cause charges to move inside the conductor, which will violate the electrostatic nature of the system. In an electrostatic...
3.3K
Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface01:16

Bending of Curved Members - Neutral Surface

166
In curved beams, unlike straight beams, the stress distribution across the cross-section is not uniform due to the beam's curvature. This non-uniformity arises because the neutral axis, where stress is zero, does not align with the centroid of the section. In a curved beam, the strain varies along the section as a function of the distance from the neutral axis.
Consider the curved member described in the previous lesson. According to Hooke's law, which relates stress to strain within...
166
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

192
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
192
Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves01:20

Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves

19
Vertical curves are essential in roadway design because they provide smooth transitions between varying roadway grades. Designing vertical curves involves calculating intermediate elevations and identifying the curve's highest or lowest point, which is essential for optimal roadway performance.Intermediate elevations on a vertical curve are determined using the tangent offset method. This method considers the initial elevation at the start of the curve, the grades, and the curve's geometry. The...
19

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diverse Forage Enhances the Antimicrobial Potency of Australian Honey.

MicrobiologyOpen·2026
Same author

PaedIatric caNcelation ratEs And PerioPerative clinicaL Evaluation (PINEAPPLE): A UK Prospective Multi-Center Observational Cohort Study.

Paediatric anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Gender-related phytochemical variation on Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. from two populations.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias·2025
Same author

Evolution of the health workforce: lessons from the past for the future.

Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association·2025
Same author

Exploring Variations in Physical and Chemical Characteristics of <i>Barringtonia</i> Nuts: A Novel Forest Food.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

4-Methoxymandelic acid: A leatherwood (<i>Eucryphia lucidia</i>) honey marker for authentication.

Current research in food science·2025
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Protein Engineering by Yeast Surface Display
05:49

Protein Engineering by Yeast Surface Display

Published on: November 29, 2024

926

Yoked surface codes.

Craig Gidney1, Michael Newman2, Peter Brooks3

  • 1Google Quantum AI, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.

Nature Communications
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed yoked surface codes, a new quantum memory design. This innovation significantly reduces the number of physical qubits needed for fault-tolerant quantum computing, lowering costs for large-scale quantum computers.

More Related Videos

Surface Spreading and Immunostaining of Yeast Chromosomes
12:06

Surface Spreading and Immunostaining of Yeast Chromosomes

Published on: August 9, 2015

9.9K
Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
07:32

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2025

Protein Engineering by Yeast Surface Display
05:49

Protein Engineering by Yeast Surface Display

Published on: November 29, 2024

926
Surface Spreading and Immunostaining of Yeast Chromosomes
12:06

Surface Spreading and Immunostaining of Yeast Chromosomes

Published on: August 9, 2015

9.9K
Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
07:32

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Quantum error correction
  • Information science

Background:

  • Building large-scale quantum computers faces challenges due to the high cost of protecting quantum information.
  • The surface code is a leading quantum memory for 2D architectures but requires many physical qubits per logical qubit for error rates relevant to algorithms.
  • Current methods necessitate over a thousand physical qubits for each logical qubit to achieve desired error rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel hierarchical quantum memory construction.
  • Reduce the physical qubit overhead for fault-tolerant quantum memories in 2D architectures.
  • Enable more efficient large-scale quantum computer development.

Main Methods:

  • Developed yoked surface codes by concatenating surface codes with high-density parity check codes.
  • Arranged these codes in a rectangular grid, measuring parity checks (yokes) using lattice surgery.
  • Assumed a nearest-neighbor square qubit grid with a physical error rate of 10^-3 and optional column measurements.

Main Results:

  • Yoked surface codes demonstrate a significant reduction in physical qubit requirements.
  • Achieved as few as one-third the number of physical qubits per logical qubit compared to standard surface codes at relevant error rates.
  • Validated the feasibility of moderate-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memories in 2D.

Conclusions:

  • Yoked surface codes offer a more efficient approach to quantum error correction.
  • This hierarchical memory design substantially lowers the qubit cost for quantum information protection.
  • Paves the way for more practical and scalable fault-tolerant quantum computers.