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Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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Stimulus-Induced Gamma Sources Reduce in Power but Not in Spatial Extent With Healthy Aging in Human EEG.

Ankan Biswas^1,2, Wupadrasta Santosh Kumar¹, Kanishka Sharma¹

¹Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.

The European Journal of Neuroscience

|May 15, 2025

Summary

Healthy aging reduces the magnitude of gamma oscillations in the brain, but does not shrink their distribution. This finding from electroencephalogram (EEG) source analysis offers insights into neural changes during aging.

Keywords:

EEG cluster shrinkage gamma oscillations healthy aging

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Biomarkers

Background:

Aging impacts brain structure and function, necessitating methods to understand neural changes.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a valuable tool for studying healthy aging due to its temporal resolution and cost-effectiveness.
Stimulus-induced gamma oscillations show promise as biomarkers for aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how gamma source power and distribution change with healthy aging.
To differentiate between magnitude reduction and source shrinkage in aging-related gamma oscillations.
To explore the neural basis of aging using EEG source reconstruction.

Main Methods:

Reconstructed EEG gamma sources using exact low-resolution tomography analysis (eLORETA).
Analyzed a cohort of 217 healthy elderly subjects (> 50 years).
Characterized gamma source distribution as an exponential fall-off to assess magnitude versus shrinkage.

Main Results:

Found a significant reduction in the magnitude of gamma sources with healthy aging.
Observed no significant shrinkage in the spatial distribution of gamma sources.
EEG gamma source analysis revealed age-related changes in neural activity patterns.

Conclusions:

Healthy aging is associated with a decrease in gamma source power, not spatial extent.
These findings contribute to understanding neural mechanisms of aging.
Gamma source analysis may offer new biomarkers for cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases.