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α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
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A Method for Manipulating Blood Glucose and Measuring Resulting Changes in Cognitive Accessibility of Target Stimuli
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Low- or No-Energy Sweeteners and Body Weight Management: Dissecting a "Minor" Effect.

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Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|May 15, 2025
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Summary

Low- or no-energy sweeteners (LNES) can aid weight management by displacing sugar calories, offering modest weight loss. Their effectiveness is proportional to sugar displacement and can support diet adherence.

Keywords:
energy balancesweetenersweight management

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) were developed over a century ago to reduce calorie intake from sugars and aid weight loss.
  • Despite widespread NNS use, global obesity rates have reached epidemic levels, creating a paradox.
  • This paper examines the role of NNS in weight management within the context of rising obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the apparent paradox between NNS use and increasing obesity rates.
  • To evaluate the impact of low- or no-energy sweeteners (LNES) on weight management.
  • To analyze the mechanisms and extent of LNES' effects on body weight.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis based on energy balance principles.
  • Review of decades of research on LNES and weight.
  • Assessment of LNES' impact on beverage energy density and consumer behavior.

Main Results:

  • LNES affect weight through a nutritional mechanism, directly related to the energy displaced from sugars.
  • LNES can significantly reduce the energy density of beverages, with greatest impact on consumers of sugary drinks.
  • The average weight loss associated with LNES is modest (1-2 kg) compared to other interventions like surgery or medication.

Conclusions:

  • LNES offer benefits such as increased satiety for sweet foods, improved diet adherence, and support for weight loss maintenance.
  • The effectiveness of LNES is proportional to the degree of sugar energy displacement.
  • While LNES provide modest weight loss, their overall significance in the current obesogenic environment is a matter of individual perspective.