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Updated: May 16, 2025

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
Triflic acid catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes with Fmoc-NH2 as the amine source
Aswathi C S1, Chinraj Sivarajan1, Raja Mitra1
1School of Chemical and Materials Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda, Goa-403401, India. rajamitra@iitgoa.ac.in.
Abstract:
Intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes is recognized as one of the most challenging synthetic pathways for directly obtaining primary amine derivatives from alkenes. While metal-catalyzed hydroamination is well established, metal-free hydroamination for synthesizing primary amines remains an attractive yet infrequent approach. In this study, we report the hydroamination of vinyl arenes using triflic acid as the catalyst and Fmoc-NH2 as the amine source. The optimized conditions proved effective for a range of vinyl arenes and some endocyclic alkenes, yielding moderate to excellent results (40-91%). Mechanistic investigations conducted through NMR, variable temperature NMR, kinetic studies, and control reactions indicated that the transient interaction between triflic acid and Fmoc-NH2 inhibited styrene polymerization. Primary amines were obtained by deprotecting the Fmoc group using KOH/MeOH.
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