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Bidirectional Spiral-Inspired Kirigami Mechanical Metamaterial for Stretchable Electronics.

Sijia Yan¹, Yue Hou¹, Zheng Zhu¹

¹The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|May 15, 2025

Summary

A novel bidirectional spiral-hinge kirigami mechanical metamaterial (BSHK-MM) offers superior stretchability for flexible electronics. This design enhances conformability and stability, enabling advanced wearable sensors and displays.

Keywords:

island-bridge structure kirigami structure mechanical metamaterial spiral structure stretchable display

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics Engineering

Background:

Flexible electronics and wearable sensors require highly stretchable materials with excellent conformability and stability.
Existing stretchable designs often sacrifice fill factor for in-plane stretchability, limiting performance.
There is a need for advanced mechanical metamaterials that overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel bidirectional spiral-hinge kirigami mechanical metamaterial (BSHK-MM) design.
To evaluate the stretchability, conformability, and stability of the BSHK-MM.
To demonstrate the practical application of the BSHK-MM in stretchable electronic devices.

Main Methods:

Design and mechanical simulation of the bidirectional spiral-hinge kirigami mechanical metamaterial (BSHK-MM).
Fabrication of a 5x5 inorganic light-emitting diode (LED) display utilizing the BSHK-MM concept.
Testing of the LED display's performance under various stretching conditions and cyclic loading.

Main Results:

The BSHK-MM achieved a high fill factor of 77.3% and demonstrated significant in-plane (80%) and out-of-plane (12496%) stretchability.
Mechanical simulations confirmed the stress-strain behavior and potential for manipulation.
The fabricated LED display operated effectively under 80% in-plane stretching, endured 10000 cycles, and showed excellent distortion resistance.

Conclusions:

The BSHK-MM design offers a promising solution for achieving high performance in stretchable electronics.
This metamaterial enhances conformability, dynamic motion adaptability, and stability under strain.
The BSHK-MM concept has broad applicability for various stretchable electronic devices and sensors.