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Heatwaves are causing deaths in temperate forest bats, like the common noctule (Nyctalus noctula). Fragmented forests may increase bat vulnerability to heat stress and act as ecological traps.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Climate change increases extreme weather events like heatwaves, posing risks to biodiversity.
  • Heat stress affects animals, especially those with limited thermoregulation.
  • Previous research on heatwave mortality in bats focused on flying foxes and urban-dwelling species, not temperate forest bats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first evidence of heatwave-related mortality in temperate forest bats.
  • To investigate the impact of extreme heat on common noctules (Nyctalus noctula) in northeastern Italy.

Main Methods:

  • Fieldwork conducted in a forest fragment in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northeastern Italy, during summers 2023 and 2024.
  • Identification of dead juvenile bats found at the base of roost trees during heatwaves (Tmax ≥ 30°C).
  • Laboratory necropsies to determine the cause of death, including checks for viral infections and feeding evidence.

Main Results:

  • Seventeen dead juvenile common noctules were found during heatwave periods.
  • Necropsies indicated heat-related stress as the cause of death; no viral infections were detected.
  • Observed mortality likely underestimates the actual impact due to the difficulty of finding carcasses in forest environments.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of heatwave-induced mortality in temperate forest bats.
  • Bat populations, particularly common noctules, are vulnerable to heatwaves, especially in fragmented forest habitats.
  • Forest fragmentation may increase heat stress exposure and lead to roosts acting as ecological traps for bats.