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Genetic Connectivity in a Cooperatively Breeding Carnivore Between Two Protected Areas.

Ariana L Cerreta1, Jennifer R Adams2, Bridget L Borg3

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Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Alaska show genetic connectivity between protected areas despite human activity, indicating resilient populations. Intact ecosystems likely facilitate this wolf dispersal, preserving genetic diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife population dynamics
  • Conservation genetics
  • Ecology of large carnivores

Background:

  • Human activities pose significant threats to wildlife populations globally.
  • Assessing human impacts on population vital rates requires long-term, large-scale studies.
  • Species with high fecundity and dispersal abilities may exhibit resilience to human disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic connectivity and diversity in gray wolf populations across a 30-year period.
  • To evaluate the influence of human-caused mortality zones on genetic exchange between protected wolf populations.
  • To understand the factors maintaining genetic health in large carnivore populations facing anthropogenic pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 30-year dataset of genetic samples from gray wolves (Canis lupus) in Alaska.
  • Analyzed genetic connectivity and diversity between two National Park units.
  • Correlated genetic findings with spatial data on human-caused mortality and ecosystem integrity.

Main Results:

  • Genetically similar gray wolf populations were identified between two protected areas separated by over 450 km.
  • Evidence of dispersal events between these distant, protected wolf populations was found.
  • Despite a region of recurrent human-caused mortality, genetic connectivity was maintained.

Conclusions:

  • Intact ecosystems and historical wolf distribution likely facilitate genetic connectivity in gray wolves.
  • Gray wolf populations demonstrate resilience in maintaining genetic diversity even with surrounding human pressures.
  • Conservation strategies should consider landscape connectivity and ecosystem integrity for wide-ranging species.