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Impact of alcohol consumption on atherosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiayuan Song1, Jiuhua She2, Jinzhu Yin3

  • 1College of Integrative Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Nutrition
|May 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Alcohol consumption does not significantly promote atherosclerosis overall. However, it may increase risk in women and specific populations, influenced by factors like drinking patterns and arterial site.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a widespread chronic vascular disease affecting major arteries.
  • Dietary factors, including alcohol consumption, are implicated in atherosclerosis progression.
  • Limited systematic evaluations exist on alcohol's specific impact on atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of alcohol consumption on atherosclerosis development.
  • To assess moderating effects of drinking frequency, gender, and other factors via meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases.
  • Meta-analysis of 26 studies (326,513 patients) with subgroup analyses by country, study type, arterial site, diagnostic criteria, alcohol type, and gender.
  • Data extraction and statistical analysis using STATA 18.0; protocol registered with INPLASY.

Main Results:

  • Overall meta-analysis showed no significant promoting effect of alcohol on atherosclerosis (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.05).
  • Subgroup analyses indicated increased risk in specific countries (Japan, South Korea, Brazil, Denmark), study types (cohort, case-control), arterial sites (coronary arteries), and diagnostic criteria (clinical, CT).
  • Alcohol consumption may increase atherosclerosis risk in women, with varying risks linked to consumption levels.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis is complex and multifactorial.
  • Environmental factors, lesion location, and individual characteristics significantly modulate this relationship.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate specific mechanisms and personalized risk assessment.
Abstract

Keywords:
alcoholatherosclerosisconsumptionmeta-analysissystematic review

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