Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....

The Central Dogma

The Central Dogma

The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

STAG3 c.2776C > T, p.Arg926Ter is a recurrent variant in Russian patients with early-onset premature ovarian insufficiency.

Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics·2026

Same author

Monogenic Syndromes as a Cause of Adverse Drug Reactions in the Russian Population.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Precise exome analysis of blastocyst biopsy scale samples using primary template-directed amplification.

BMC genomics·2026

Same author

Genetic Diversity of Vif and Vpr Accessory Proteins in HIV-1 Group M Clades.

Viruses·2026

Same author

HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutation Profiles in Donetsk, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia Regions.

Viruses·2026

Same author

Novel variants associated with premature ovarian insufficiency in Russian adolescents.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Published on: November 13, 2017

Experience in developing the human genome standard E701.

Iuliia Vasiliadis¹, Vera Belova¹, Anna Shmitko¹

¹Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117513, Russian Federation.

NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics

|May 15, 2025

Summary

The first Russian human genome standard, E701, was created for genomic data quality control. This standard provides millions of validated genomic variants for accurate sequencing analysis.

More Related Videos

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2025

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Mapping Genome-wide Accessible Chromatin in Primary Human T Lymphocytes by ATAC-Seq

Published on: November 13, 2017

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Human Genetics

Background:

Accurate human genome analysis relies on high-quality reference standards.
The development of a national human genome standard is crucial for advancing genomic research and clinical applications in Russia.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish the first Russian human genome standard, E701.
To characterize the genomic variants within the E701 standard for quality control in sequencing data analysis.

Main Methods:

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using MGI Tech and Illumina platforms.
Alignment to the human genome reference GRCh38.p14 and variant calling.
Whole-exome sequencing (WES) with multiple enrichment panels for concordance analysis.
Mitochondrial DNA sequencing with high coverage.

Main Results:

Identification of 3,842,877 genomic variants in the E701 sample.
Filtering by GIAB high-confidence regions yielded 3,262,154 variants.
Discovery of 9,096 bi-allelic variants on autosomes and X chromosome (MAF > 0.4).
Mitochondrial DNA sequencing achieved >99.9% coverage at 1000×.

Conclusions:

The E701 standard provides a robust set of genomic variants for statistical quality metric calculation.
This standard facilitates accurate and reliable human genome analysis in Russia.
The comprehensive characterization supports its use in diverse genomic applications.