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Area of Science:

  • Plant Ecology and Physiology
  • Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis
  • Climate Change Impacts on Forests

Background:

  • California's 2012-2016 megadrought caused over 100 million tree mortalities.
  • Understanding tree mortality drivers requires integrating plant functional traits with environmental data.
  • Plant functional traits offer insights into physiological and abiotic factors influencing tree death during extreme events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare tree mortality trends using two independent datasets.
  • To evaluate relationships between foliar functional traits and tree mortality across diverse sites and species.
  • To connect trait-mortality relationships with tree-level drought response mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized NASA AVIRIS-Classic imaging spectrometer data for early-drought foliar trait mapping.
  • Integrated climate, topography, canopy structure, and mortality data from NEON sites.
  • Employed random forests to determine the relative importance of mortality drivers.

Main Results:

  • At the water-limited Soaproot Saddle site, conifer mortality correlated with taller, drier canopies; broadleaf mortality linked to specific foliar traits (lower cellulose, higher sugars, higher LMA).
  • At the energy-limited Lower Teakettle site, mortality was primarily driven by elevation and climate, with minimal foliar trait influence.
  • Drought mortality patterns varied significantly based on site-specific water and energy limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Foliar functional traits are critical indicators of drought mortality, particularly in water-limited environments.
  • Site-specific environmental factors (water vs. energy limitation) dictate the primary drivers of tree mortality.
  • Integrating remote sensing of plant traits with environmental data enhances understanding of forest responses to climate extremes.