Prophylaxis of impacted canines: Prevention, diagnosis, and early management

Impacted canines represent a major orthodontic challenge due to their significant impact on dental occlusion, aesthetics, and masticatory function. Early diagnosis and preventive strategies are essential. This study explores the etiological factors, diagnostic tools, and early orthodontic interventions aimed at minimizing complications associated with impacted canines.

This review explores genetic and environmental etiological factors, current diagnostic techniques - including panoramic radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) - and interceptive strategies such as early extraction of primary canines, maxillary expansion techniques, and strategic extraction of permanent teeth.

Early extraction of primary canines significantly improved the spontaneous eruption of permanent canines in 87% of cases. Failures were associated with greater initial angulation, more severe displacement of the canine, inflammation of the pericoronal sac, and the absence of root resorption of primary canines.

Early and precise diagnosis, along with appropriate interceptive treatments, significantly reduces the complexity and duration of subsequent orthodontic or surgical interventions. The study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, integrating orthodontics, oral surgery, and advanced imaging to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.