Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

NICD4/USP8-Positive Feedback Loop Contributes to the Development of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

ATG7 Limits Basal Antiviral Gene Expression and Moderately Promotes VSV Replication in Mammalian Non-Immune Cells.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Correction: Ubc9 regulates the expression of MHC II in dendritic cells to enhance DSS-induced colitis by mediating RBPJ SUMOylation.

Cell death & disease·2026

Same author

The AI doctor will see you soon: from assistants to autonomous practitioners.

Medical review (2021)·2026

Same author

Ubc9-Mediated SUMOylation of RPL3, an Unappreciated Mechanism against Hepatocyte Senescence by Repressing the DHX9-p16 Axis.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Same author

The X-Age Project to construct a Chinese aging clock.

Nature aging·2025

Same journal

Comparative Effectiveness of AI-Assisted Telerehabilitation, Telerehabilitation, In-Person Care, and Usual Care for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same journal

Effectiveness of WeChat Public Account Intervention Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Among College Students With Internet Addiction: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same journal

Are Traditional Registries Becoming Obsolete in the Modern Digital Health Ecosystem?

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same journal

Detecting and Preventing Fraudulent Participation in Qualitative Research: Content Analysis of Two Multisite Studies.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same journal

Patient Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Shared Decision-Making in UK Primary Care for Multiple Long-Term Conditions: Qualitative Study.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

Same journal

Impact of Telemedicine-Enhanced Integrated Management of Gestational Diabetes on Pregnancy Outcomes and Glycemic Control: Real-World Study Using TangMama App.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Published on: April 15, 2017

AI-Assisted Hypothesis Generation to Address Challenges in Cardiotoxicity Research: Simulation Study Using ChatGPT

Yilan Li¹, Tianshu Gu², Chengyuan Yang³

¹The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|May 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence, specifically ChatGPT with GPT-4o, can generate novel research hypotheses to address key challenges in cardiotoxicity research, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:

AI ChatGPT with GPT-4o artificial intelligence cardiotoxicity heart hypothesis generation

More Related Videos

Technical Applications of Microelectrode Array and Patch Clamp Recordings on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Technical Applications of Microelectrode Array and Patch Clamp Recordings on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Published on: August 4, 2022

High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers

High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers

Published on: March 24, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Published on: April 15, 2017

Technical Applications of Microelectrode Array and Patch Clamp Recordings on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Technical Applications of Microelectrode Array and Patch Clamp Recordings on Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Published on: August 4, 2022

High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers

High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence in Scientific Research
Cardiotoxicity Mechanisms and Biomarkers

Background:

Cardiotoxicity poses significant risks in heart disease research, leading to severe cardiac damage like heart failure and arrhythmias.
Addressing cardiotoxicity is crucial for improving patient outcomes in cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate ChatGPT with GPT-4o's capability in generating innovative research hypotheses for cardiotoxicity.
To tackle five major challenges: complex mechanisms, patient variability, detection sensitivity, biomarker discovery, and animal model limitations.

Main Methods:

ChatGPT with GPT-4o generated hypotheses for five key cardiotoxicity challenges.
Expert evaluation assessed hypothesis novelty and feasibility.
The AI selected top hypotheses and detailed experimental plans.

Main Results:

ChatGPT generated 96 hypotheses, with 13% highly novel and 65% moderately novel.
Selected hypotheses included AI for personalized risk, multi-omics for biomarkers, and 3D bioprinting for models.
Experimental plans showed strengths in background and rationale, though designs were ambitious.

Conclusions:

ChatGPT with GPT-4o effectively generates innovative hypotheses for cardiotoxicity research.
AI-assisted hypothesis generation can accelerate progress in predicting, detecting, and managing cardiotoxicity.
This approach holds promise for improving patient care and outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.