The McConnell Capsular Artery: Anatomical Insights and Neurosurgical Considerations

The McConnell capsular artery (MCCA) is a vascular component with notable significance in neurosurgery. Discovered by McConnell in 1953, these arteries, categorized as inferior and anterior capsular, contribute significantly to the vascularization of the sellar region. This article explores the anatomical variations of MCCA, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of its structure and neurosurgical implications.This study was conducted following a literature review of articles related to the MCCA. Electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, were searched up until January 2024. Specific keywords used in the search included "McConnell capsular artery," "intracapsular branches," and "MCCA." An in-depth investigation was undertaken to explore the existence, anatomy, pathology, and clinical implications of the MCCA.We found a mere 13 articles pertaining to this artery. It highlights the MCCA's close proximity to important neuroanatomical components and describes how it has been consistently identified in multiple studies. The review explores anatomical variations and anomalies and provides insights into neurosurgical cases that emphasize the artery's involvement in oncological diseases.The variability in the occurrence of this artery has significant therapeutic ramifications, especially in procedures involving pituitary and suprasellar lesions. The study emphasizes the importance of meticulous identification and management of MCCA during surgical interventions, underscoring their crucial role in neurosurgical procedures.