Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 17, 2025

Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System
Published on: May 22, 2020
A critical review of sampling, extraction and analysis methods for tyre and road wear particles
Zainab Tariq1, Ian D Williams1, Andrew B Cundy2
1School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
Tyre and road wear particles (TRWPs) have become an increasing contamination concern because of their extensive distribution in the environment. A comprehensive overview of the methods for sampling, treatment and analysis of environmental samples for TRWPs (and their benefits and limitations) is lacking. We evaluate and critically assess the sampling, treatment and analysis methods previously reported for water, air, road dust and sediment/soil samples. We suggest research frameworks for studying TRWPs in these media. Microscopy and thermal analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (with energy dispersive X-ray analysis), environmental scanning electron microscopy, 2-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in the case of complex samples, are optimal methods for determination of the number and mass of TRWPs. Issues for further investigation and analysis recommendations are provided.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Sampling Methods: Sample Types
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
Rolling Resistance
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down...
Dry Friction
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview
Bulk or large solid samples are typically reduced in size using grinding, crushing, or milling techniques to increase the...
Contaminants and Errors
Another key consideration is determining the appropriate number of samples required to...

