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Updated: May 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids

Author Spotlight: Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Lignin-Based Microparticles for Enhanced Delivery of Bioflavonoids

Published on: March 1, 2024

Tailoring kraft lignin for high-performance nanoparticles: from structure to function.

Jéssica S Rodrigues¹, Amanda S M de Freitas¹, Vagner R Botaro²

¹Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março 511, 18087-180 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

|May 15, 2025

Summary

Kraft lignin (KL) fractionation in acetic acid produces lignin nanoparticles (LNPs). Molecular weight and chemical functionality influence LNP size and stability, enabling tailored applications in nanotechnology.

Keywords:

Acetic acid Functional groups Lignin nanoparticles Nanotechnology Sequential fractionation

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Published on: June 17, 2014

Area of Science:

Biorefinery science
Polymer chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Kraft lignin (KL) is an abundant, underutilized byproduct of biorefineries.
Its phenolic structure offers potential for advanced materials and nanotechnology.
Developing efficient methods to valorize KL is crucial for sustainable biorefining.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sequential fractionation of KL using acetic acid (HOAc) as a green solvent.
To produce and characterize lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from selected KL fractions.
To understand the structure-property relationships of LNPs for tailored applications.

Main Methods:

Sequential fractionation of KL using acetic acid at concentrations from 10% to 60%.
Selection of promising fractions (KL_30%, KL_40%, KL_50%, FR) based on yield and molar mass (Mw).
LNP preparation via antisolvent precipitation and characterization of their properties.

Main Results:

Fractionation yielded KL fractions with distinct Mw and chemical compositions.
An inverse correlation between Mw and LNP hydrodynamic diameter was observed.
KL_50% produced the smallest LNPs, indicating Mw is not the sole determinant of particle size.
Lignin's chemical functionality significantly impacts LNP aggregation, surface charge, and stability.

Conclusions:

Acetic acid is effective for sequential KL fractionation, yielding diverse lignin fractions.
LNP size and properties are influenced by both Mw and chemical functionality.
Optimized fractionation and understanding of structure-function relationships can enable tailored LNPs for nanotechnology and advanced materials.