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Identifying key competencies for supporting second victims in different contexts: a scoping review.
Alicia Sánchez-García1, Clara Pérez-Esteve2, Andrea Conti3
1Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
BMJ Open
|May 15, 2025
Summary
Peer supporters aid second victims, workers affected by errors causing harm. This review identifies essential skills, attitudes, and knowledge for effective peer support, crucial for workplace well-being and performance.
Area of Science:
- Workplace psychology
- Occupational health and safety
- Human factors engineering
Background:
- Workplace support for 'second victims' is vital for performance.
- Peer support is an effective, accepted method for aiding these individuals.
- Specific competencies for peer supporters are not clearly defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and categorize competencies for peer supporters.
- To examine skills, attitudes, and knowledge needed to support workers experiencing distress after errors.
- To address the gap in understanding peer supporter requirements.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review following established guidelines (Arksey & O'Malley, PRISMA-ScR).
- Comprehensive database search (Embase, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science).
- Standardized data extraction and categorization by two independent reviewers.
Main Results:
- 34 studies were included in the review.
- 91 specific and 30 general competencies were identified across five domains.
- 29 types of peer-based interventions were cataloged.
Conclusions:
- Well-defined competencies are essential for peer supporters of second victims.
- Training should focus on communication, emotional support, and role-specific knowledge.
- Tailoring peer support programs to industry context is key for effectiveness.
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