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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

5.5K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
5.5K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

3.4K
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
3.4K
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

3.8K
Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
3.8K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.7K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.7K
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

2.4K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...
2.4K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

2.7K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
2.7K

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Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
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Ammonia Hydration in a Cu(II)-Pyrazolate Framework for Efficient Trace Capture.

Guang-Rui Si1,2, Xiang-Jing Kong2,3, Tao He1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials Low-Carbon Recycling, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel hydration pathway for capturing ammonia (NH3) emissions. This method utilizes a unique framework to reversibly bind ammonia, offering an energy-efficient solution for environmental remediation.

Keywords:
AmmoniaEnergy efficientMetal‐organic frameworkSeparationTrace capture

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ammonia (NH3) emissions from industrial and agricultural sources cause significant environmental and health problems.
  • Current ammonia capture methods using chemisorption or physisorption face challenges like irreversible binding, high regeneration energy, and material degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and investigate a novel hydration pathway for trace ammonia capture.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of a Cu(II)-pyrazolate framework, BUT-64(H2O), for ammonia adsorption and regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Cu(II)-pyrazolate framework (BUT-64(H2O)) featuring bridging water molecules as Brønsted acid sites.
  • Investigated ammonia adsorption capacity under varying partial pressures and humidity.
  • Evaluated the regeneration efficiency and alkaline stability of the material.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high ammonia packing density of 0.27 g cm⁻³ at 0.1 kPa.
  • Demonstrated a significant ammonia adsorption capacity of 1.51 mmol g⁻¹ for 1000 ppm NH3 at 80% relative humidity.
  • The hydration mechanism showed reversible binding, facile regeneration, and reduced moisture co-adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • The hydration pathway in BUT-64(H2O) offers a promising, energy-efficient solution for trace ammonia capture.
  • The material exhibits excellent alkaline stability, enhancing its applicability.
  • This approach overcomes the trade-offs associated with traditional ammonia adsorbents.