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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by producing...
Finding Volume Using Cross-Sectional Area01:24

Finding Volume Using Cross-Sectional Area

For solids whose cross-sectional areas vary in a predictable way, volume can be determined by integrating these areas along an axis perpendicular to the slices. This approach is particularly useful for polyhedral solids, where classical geometric formulas may not be immediately applicable. A tetrahedron provides a clear example of how cross-sectional integration can be applied to a three-dimensional object with continuously changing geometry.Consider a tetrahedron with height h and a base that...
Theorem of Pappus01:24

Theorem of Pappus

The Theorem of Pappus, also known as the Pappus–Guldinus Theorem, provides a geometric method for determining the volume and surface area of solids generated by the revolution of a plane region or a plane curve about an external axis. The theorem consists of two related statements. The first addresses the volume of solids formed by rotating plane areas, while the second addresses the surface area generated by rotating plane curves. Both results depend on the location of the centroid, which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Parathyroid weight estimation: beyond ellipsoid volume.

Haley Corbin1, Nathalia Josette Roth2, Linwah Yip3

  • 1University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. corbinhn@upmc.edu.

Endocrine
|May 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An online calculator accurately estimates parathyroid weight using capsuloid volumetric weight estimates (VWE) and cellularity. Surgeon estimates also proved highly accurate, highlighting the value of clinical assessment skills.

Keywords:
Online calculatorPTHParathyroidSizeVolumetric weight estimationWeight

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Parathyroid weight is a key indicator of functional status, crucial for gross and intraoperative assessment.
  • Accurate weight estimation can be challenging when direct measurement is not feasible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate models for estimating parathyroid weight from size and other parameters.
  • To create a user-friendly online calculator for parathyroid weight estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of actual parathyroid weights (AW), cellularity, and size from 124 parathyroids in 76 patients.
  • Comparison of simple volumetric weight estimates (VWE) using various shapes (ellipsoid, capsular, capsuloid, box) against AW.
  • Multiple linear regression (MLR) with internal and external validation, including analysis of surgeon's estimates and microscopic surface area.

Main Results:

  • The optimal MLR model incorporated capsuloid VWE, cellularity, and prosector identity (R²: 0.92).
  • A generalizable model without prosector identity was used for the online calculator weight estimate (CWE), showing good prediction of AW (R²: 0.86, nRMSE: 0.058).
  • Surgeon's weight estimates demonstrated high accuracy (R²: 0.97, nRMSE: 0.087) in a subset analysis.

Conclusions:

  • An online calculator utilizing capsuloid VWE and cellularity effectively predicts actual parathyroid weight.
  • While prosector measurement variance impacts models, it's impractical for inclusion.
  • Surgeon's direct weight estimation remains a highly accurate and valuable clinical skill.