The Safety and Efficacy of JAK Inhibitors: Have We Found the Right Pathway?

Elderly patients with autoimmune diseases require long-term medication and physiotherapy, which also involves lifestyle modification. Ongoing follow-up and treatment lead to frequent consumption of healthcare resources, including outpatient visits, hospitalization, examinations, and medicines, putting financial pressure on patients and families. At the same time, the loss of patients' labor force has socioeconomic implications. Among drug therapies, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are an important class of drugs that have shown significant efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the issue of selectivity of these drugs has been a challenge in clinical application. Nonselective JAK inhibitors may lead to adverse events, including infections, hematologic alterations, cardiovascular and thrombotic risks, and possible malignancy risks, limiting their use. Nevertheless, the significance of selectivity in achieving effective treatment responses and minimizing adverse events remains uncertain.