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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Conditional Reprogramming of Pediatric Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells for Use in Tissue Engineering and Disease Investigation
Published on: March 22, 2017
Bioengineering Innervated Esophagus With Improved Motility: Limitations and Future Directions
Heather Wanczyk1, Joanne Walker1, Allan M Goldstein2
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
Background:
Over the past decade, research involving the bioengineering of esophageal tissue replacements for repair of congenital defects, cancer, and caustic injuries has advanced rapidly. This is due to the development of innovative biomaterials combined with stem cells that recapitulate tissue ultrastructure, mechanics, and biochemical properties. However, a limitation in the field is a lack of data demonstrating development of innervated tissue exhibiting peristalsis. Currently, no clinically available stem cell therapies/esophageal tissue substitutes exist that restore motility.
Purpose:
This review will discuss advances and limitations in the assessment of esophageal motility in bioengineered tissues along with metrics of success. Additionally, innovative technologies (i.e., 3D bioprinting, electrospinning, and AI) and neuronal cellular approaches for promoting gut innervation will be highlighted to reveal their use for the development of clinical therapies for esophageal replacement. Future directions for development of patient-specific implants will also be discussed to emphasize the importance of access to all populations.
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