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The Earliest Known Radiation of Pitheciine Primates.

Nelson M Novo1, Gabriel M Martin2, Laureano R González Ruiz2

  • 1Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología (CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Argentina.

American Journal of Primatology
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Miocene platyrrhine primates Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus are confirmed as pitheciids, not stem platyrrhines. This supports the Long Lineage Hypothesis for pitheciid evolution in South America.

Keywords:
MiocenePatagoniaPitheciinaePlatyrrhiniparsimonyphylogeny

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Primate Evolution
  • Neotropical Primates

Background:

  • The phylogenetic placement of Miocene Patagonian platyrrhine primates Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus is controversial.
  • These taxa are known from limited fossil material, leading to differing interpretations of their evolutionary relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic relationships of Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus.
  • To determine if these taxa represent stem platyrrhines or belong to the pitheciine lineage.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive character analysis of taxonomically informative traits was conducted.
  • Phylogenetic analyses were performed using parsimony, incorporating both morphological and molecular data with the software package TNT.
  • Replication studies of existing data matrices were also implemented.

Main Results:

  • Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus were found to be sister-taxa nested deeply within the pitheciid clade.
  • These fossils are not stem platyrrhines, with most differences from younger pitheciines attributed to primitive character states.
  • The resemblances and functional patterns strongly indicate a pitheciine affinity, aligning with living sakis and uakaris.

Conclusions:

  • Miocene Patagonian genera Soriacebus and Mazzonicebus are definitively pitheciids.
  • The findings do not support their interpretation as stem platyrrhines.
  • The results corroborate the Long Lineage Hypothesis for pitheciid evolution.