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Bystander Intervention Matters: Differences in Posttraumatic Cognitions Based on (No) Bystander Presence and Helping
Kayla Ford1, Hannah B Sawyer2, Lindsay S Ham1
1University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA.
Violence Against Women
|May 16, 2025
Summary
Bystander inaction during sexual victimization increases self-blame and negative self-thoughts in female students. Understanding these posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) can inform interventions.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Trauma Studies
- Sociology
Background:
- Sexual victimization is a significant issue among college students.
- Posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) play a crucial role in trauma recovery.
- Bystander behavior during an event may influence trauma outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate differences in posttraumatic cognitions (PTCs) among female college students based on bystander presence and action during sexual victimization.
- To compare PTCs in groups with no bystander, bystander inaction, and bystander intervention.
Main Methods:
- Survey data collected from 794 female college students with a history of sexual victimization.
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA) used to compare PTCs across three groups defined by bystander presence/action.
- Measurement of posttraumatic cognitions, specifically self-blame and negative cognitions about the self.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in PTCs were found across the groups.
- The bystander inaction group reported higher levels of self-blame compared to both the no bystander and bystander intervention groups.
- The bystander inaction group also reported more negative cognitions about the self than the bystander intervention group.
Conclusions:
- Bystander inaction during sexual victimization is associated with increased self-blame and negative self-cognitions.
- Findings highlight the importance of bystander intervention programs.
- Implications for trauma-focused treatment to address harmful PTCs are discussed.
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