Challenges in simulating whole virus particles and how to fix them with the SIRAH force field

Current developments in specialized software and computer power make the simulation of large molecular assemblies a technical possibility despite their computational cost. Coarse-grained (CG) approaches simplify molecular complexity and reduce computational costs while preserving intermolecular physical/chemical interactions. These methods enable virus simulations, making them more accessible to research groups with limited supercomputing resources. However, setting up and running molecular dynamics simulations of multimillion systems requires specialized molecular modeling, editing, and visualization skills. Moreover, many issues related to the computational setup, the choice of simulation engines, and the force fields that rule the intermolecular interactions require particular attention and are key to attaining a realistic description of viral systems at the fully atomistic or CG levels. Here, we provide an overview of the current challenges in simulating entire virus particles and the potential of the SIRAH force field to address these challenges through its implementations for CG and multiscale simulations.