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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

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Characterization of Hydraulic Rock Diffusivity Using Oscillatory Pore Pressure.

Dario Sciandra1,2, Iman R Kivi1,3,4, Roman Y Makhnenko5

  • 1Global Change Research Group (GCRG), IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Spain.

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Summary

This study uses periodic signals to analyze subsurface rock properties for energy applications. Analytical and numerical models accurately characterize hydraulic diffusivity, aiding in real-time monitoring and risk reduction.

Keywords:
Analytical solutionsBerea sandstoneOpalinus clayPermeabilityTight rockWesterly granite

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Subsurface Energy Resources
  • Rock Physics

Background:

  • Increasing interest in deep geological resources for energy necessitates accurate in situ rock characterization.
  • Monitoring subsurface signals aids in understanding geological formations and reducing operational risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve understanding of injection-induced pore pressure oscillations in confined formations.
  • To characterize hydraulic diffusivity using periodic signals in subsurface energy applications.

Main Methods:

  • Revisiting analytical solutions for cyclic pore pressure diffusion in 1D/axisymmetric geometries.
  • Comparing analytical solutions with numerical simulations (hydraulic and hydro-mechanical models).
  • Investigating applications in energy storage, CO₂ storage caprock, and enhanced geothermal systems.

Main Results:

  • Analytical and numerical solutions show excellent agreement (<3% error) across diverse geological scenarios.
  • Wave propagation distances vary significantly (cm to km) depending on the application.
  • Analytical solutions offer rapid initial approximations, complementing detailed numerical models.

Conclusions:

  • Simplified analytical tools can facilitate real-time interpretation for subsurface energy monitoring.
  • Bridging analytical and numerical approaches enhances practical subsurface characterization.
  • Accurate characterization of hydraulic diffusivity is crucial for safe and efficient deep geological resource management.