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Updated: May 17, 2025

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PTX3 Deficiency Aggravates Periodontitis by the Complement C5a-C5aR1 Axis.

W Dong1, D Guo1, C Yang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

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|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) regulates complement activation, crucial for preventing periodontitis progression. PTX3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation and bone loss by promoting complement C5a release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Keywords:
anaphylatoxinsbone lossinflammationinnate immunitymonocyteperiodontal diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oral Biology
  • Complement System

Background:

  • Complement system dysregulation is implicated in periodontitis.
  • Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) modulates complement activation and immune responses.
  • The role of PTX3 in periodontitis pathogenesis is currently unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PTX3 in periodontitis.
  • To elucidate PTX3's function in inflammation onset and resolution.
  • To determine PTX3's complement regulatory activity in periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated PTX3 expression in human and mouse inflammatory monocytes.
  • Utilized a ligation-induced mouse periodontitis model to assess PTX3 deficiency.
  • Employed in vivo (PMX53, MCC950) and in vitro studies to analyze inflammatory pathways.

Main Results:

  • PTX3 is upregulated in periodontitis and expressed in inflammatory monocytes.
  • PTX3 deficiency resulted in increased complement C5a, monocyte infiltration, and alveolar bone loss.
  • PTX3 deficiency impaired inflammation resolution and alveolar bone repair, linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Conclusions:

  • PTX3 plays a critical role in regulating complement activation during periodontitis.
  • PTX3 deficiency exacerbates periodontitis via C5a-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
  • PTX3 represents a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis treatment.