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Predicting overactive bladder from inflammatory markers: A machine learning approach using NHANES 2005-2020.

Haoxun Zhang¹, Guoling Zhang¹, Chunyang Wang¹

¹Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

Biomolecules & Biomedicine

|May 16, 2025

Summary

Systemic inflammation, indicated by complete blood count (CBC) biomarkers like SII and NLR, is linked to a higher risk of overactive bladder (OAB). These CBC markers may help identify individuals at increased risk for OAB.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Inflammation Research
Biostatistics

Background:

Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impacts quality of life and healthcare costs.
Systemic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a factor in OAB development.
Complete blood count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers for OAB risk are not well-studied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and OAB.
To evaluate the predictive performance of these biomarkers using statistical and machine learning models.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of 35,394 NHANES participants (2005-2020).
Logistic regression, threshold analysis, and Random Forest/Extreme Gradient Boosting models were used.
Adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors.

Main Results:

Elevated Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), and Neutrophil-MLR (NMLR) were associated with increased OAB risk (P < 0.05).
Nonlinear relationships were observed, with critical thresholds for NLR and MLR.
Machine learning models identified SII and SIRI as key predictors, demonstrating good performance (AUC 0.76 in testing).

Conclusions:

CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers are associated with OAB risk.
These biomarkers may offer a cost-effective method for OAB risk stratification.
Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality and therapeutic implications.