Advances in Transition Metal-Containing Phosphate-Based Molecular Sieves: From Synthesis to Sustainable Applications

Porous metal phosphate materials, such as aluminophosphates (AlPOs) and transition-metal-substituted phosphates, are attracting significant attention due to their tunable pore structures, enhanced thermal stability, and catalytic efficiency with diverse applications in catalysis, adsorption, and environmental remediation. However, these materials have been relatively underexplored compared to other porous materials with open frameworks, such as aluminosilicates and other silica-based structures. In this review paper, we trace the evolution of phosphate-based porous materials, starting with early breakthroughs in their synthesis, and provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the understanding and application of transition metal phosphate-based mesoporous materials, with a particular emphasis on their roles in sustainable chemical processes. By integrating foundational research with recent advancements, this review aims to provide a deeper insight into key challenges. These challenges include limited cooperation between fundamental research and industry, likely due to scalability issues, and the design of green and sustainable synthesis routes. The review also highlights future opportunities, such as enhancing industry-academic collaboration and integrating advanced characterization and computational tools to develop green and scalable synthesis methods, thereby unlocking the full potential of these materials for large-scale applications.