Barriers to adherence to cervical cancer screening care in Northern Tanzania

Cervical cancer disproportionately affects women in low- and middle-income countries compared to those in high-income countries because of the difference in quality and effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs. An essential part of effective cervical cancer prevention is the continuum of care for a woman with a suspicious cervical lesion (SCL) consisting of appropriate treatment and, in Tanzania, a follow-up screening one year after treatment. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with non-adherence to the scheduled follow-up after treatment of a SCL. Additionally, the cervical cancer screening results one year after treatment were evaluated.

A total of 219 clients treated for a SCL between 2017 and 2021 from 8 centres in the Kilimanjaro region were interviewed. Contact and medical information of the clients was obtained at the facilities. Additionally, 11 in-depth interviews with healthcare providers were conducted.

In the quantitative study, 143 (65.3%) clients treated for suspicious cervical lesions adhered to the recommended follow-up appointment. Significant factors associated with poor adherence were individual barriers such as failure to understand why they should return and access barriers to the health facility. The health workers mentioned a lack of awareness and financial challenges regarding transportation.

The complete journey of high-risk women needs attention, otherwise the primary screening will not be effective. Additional efforts are needed to address knowledge gaps and socio-economic problems during the follow-up.