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Updated: May 17, 2025
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Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Published on: November 13, 2016
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One-Hour Plasma Glucose Predicts the Progression From Normal Glucose Tolerance to Prediabetes
Muhammad Abdul-Ghani1, Mohamed Abu-Farha2, Tamam Abdul-Ghani1
1Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.
Diabetes Care
|May 16, 2025
Summary
Elevated 1-hour plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test predicts prediabetes risk. A 1-hour glucose level of 120 mg/dL identifies individuals at high risk for developing prediabetes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Health
- Diabetes Research
Background:
- Prediabetes is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
- Early identification of individuals at risk for prediabetes is crucial for timely intervention.
- The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a standard diagnostic tool for glucose metabolism disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the predictive capability of 1-hour plasma glucose (PG) levels from an OGTT for prediabetes development in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
- To identify specific 1-hour PG thresholds indicative of increased prediabetes risk.
- To characterize individuals with intermediate 1-hour PG levels who progress to prediabetes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 1,557 participants in the San Antonio Heart Study.
- Baseline and repeat OGTTs were conducted over a 7.5-year follow-up period.
- American Diabetes Association criteria were used to define prediabetes development.
Main Results:
- 24.7% of participants with NGT progressed to prediabetes over 7.5 years.
- 1-hour PG was the strongest predictor of prediabetes development.
- A 1-hour PG cut-point of 120 mg/dL demonstrated 61% sensitivity and 67% specificity for identifying high-risk individuals.
- Individuals with 1-hour PG of 120-155 mg/dL who progressed showed severe insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome features.
Conclusions:
- Increased 1-hour PG concentration during OGTT precedes prediabetes development.
- A 1-hour PG of 120-155 mg/dL identifies individuals at elevated risk for prediabetes.
- The term "pre-prediabetes" is proposed for this high-risk group due to their significant risk of deteriorating glucose tolerance.
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