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Hearing impairment and dementia: cause, catalyst or consequence?

Benjamin A Levett¹, Avinash Chandra², Jessica Jiang¹

¹Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, UCL, 8-11 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AR, UK.

Journal of Neurology

|May 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hearing loss is the largest modifiable dementia risk factor. This review examines evidence linking hearing impairment and dementia, exploring potential causes and clinical implications for management and research.

Keywords:

Alzheimer’s disease Auditory Biomarkers Dementia Frontotemporal dementia Hearing

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Gerontology
Audiology

Background:

Hearing impairment is recognized as the largest modifiable risk factor for dementia.
The complex relationship between hearing loss and dementia is not fully understood.
Potential links include hearing impairment causing, amplifying, or resulting from dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine evidence for the association between hearing impairment and dementia.
To explore potential mechanisms underlying this relationship.
To consider clinical and research implications.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and evidence.
Analysis of the association between hearing impairment and dementia.
Framework-based examination of potential causal pathways.

Main Results:

Hearing loss is a significant modifiable risk factor for dementia.
The precise nature of the hearing impairment-dementia link is complex and multifactorial.
Evidence supports various mechanisms, including direct causation, amplification, or consequence.

Conclusions:

Central hearing tests may serve as auditory biomarkers for dementia.
Clinical management of patients with hearing impairment and dementia requires consideration of this link.
Further collaborative, mechanistically-driven research is essential.