Improving microgrid hosting capacity: A two-stage BONMIN solver-based framework for battery storage allocation and
1Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addawaser, Saudi Arabia.
Plos One
|May 16, 2025
Summary
Optimizing microgrids with Sodium-Sulfur and Sodium Nickel Chloride batteries significantly cuts operational costs. Three Sodium Nickel Chloride battery units reduced costs by 32.35%, enhancing renewable energy use and grid capacity.
Area of Science:
- Energy Systems Engineering
- Optimization Theory
- Renewable Energy Integration
Background:
- Increasing reliance on fossil fuels and rising energy costs necessitate improved energy system efficiency.
- Microgrids (μG) offer a decentralized approach to energy management, but their operational efficiency requires optimization.
- Battery Storage Systems (BSS) are crucial for integrating renewable energy sources (RES) and enhancing grid stability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a dual-phase optimization strategy for grid-connected microgrid operations.
- To evaluate the impact of Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) and Sodium Nickel Chloride (Na-NiCl₂) battery storage systems on microgrid performance.
- To determine optimal BSS allocation and operational strategies for minimizing costs and maximizing RES self-consumption and hosting capacity.
Main Methods:
- Formulating the problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model.
- Utilizing GAMS software with the BONMIN solver for optimization.
- Conducting a comparative analysis of five scenarios with varying numbers and types of BSS units.
Main Results:
- The optimal configuration involved three Na-NiCl₂ BSS units, achieving a 32.35% reduction in operating costs.
- Increased BSS deployment led to significant improvements in renewable energy source self-consumption (SC) rates.
- The study confirmed that both the quantity and type of BSS units critically influence microgrid operating costs and performance.
Conclusions:
- The strategic integration of Na-NiCl₂ battery storage systems presents a highly effective method for reducing microgrid operational expenses.
- The findings underscore the importance of BSS selection and quantity in maximizing the economic and technical benefits of microgrids.
- This optimization approach enhances the viability of microgrids by improving their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and integration of renewable energy sources.
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