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Punishment01:27

Punishment

Negative reinforcement and punishment are often confused but serve distinct functions in behavior modification. Reinforcement, whether positive or negative, increases the likelihood of a desired behavior, while punishment decreases it.
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Do child disciplinary practices differ between Cuba and the Dominican Republic?

John D McLennan1, Vineetha Warriyar K V2

  • 1Departments of Psychiatry & Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA.

Child Abuse & Neglect
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Disciplinary practices vary between Cuba and the Dominican Republic (DR). The DR had higher rates of physical punishment and psychological aggression in children, while Cuba showed more "hit on limb" practices.

Keywords:
ChildrenCubaDisciplineDominican RepublicParentingPunishment

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cross-country comparisons of child discipline are challenging due to composite measures and unmeasured confounders.
  • Previous research often combines diverse disciplinary actions or compares dissimilar nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in specific child disciplinary practices between Cuba and the Dominican Republic (DR).
  • To compare prevalence of 11 disciplinary practices across two age groups in two demographically similar countries.

Main Methods:

  • Nationally representative household surveys in Cuba (N=7,374) and DR (N=14,772) in 2019.
  • Caregivers reported on exposure to 11 disciplinary practices for children aged 1-4 and 5-14 years.
  • Binomial logistic regressions analyzed country as a predictor of disciplinary practices.

Main Results:

  • The Dominican Republic (DR) showed higher prevalence of "spanked," "hit with object," and "hit on head" compared to Cuba.
  • "Yelling" and "name calling" (psychological aggression) were more common in the DR.
  • Higher prevalence of "hit on limb" was observed in Cuba, while two "non-violent practices" were more common in the DR.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences in specific disciplinary practices exist between Cuba and the DR.
  • Further research is needed to identify contextual factors influencing these variations in child discipline.