Assessment of Novel Boron-doped Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Loaded Alginate Hydrogel in Dogs

Dentin regeneration is pivotal to preserve tooth vitality. This study aims to evaluate, histologically, the dentine regenerative potential of a novel injectable boron-doped, mesoporous, bioactive glass nanoparticle (BMBGNPs) loaded alginate hydrogel in dogs METHODS: The formulation and optimisation of the novel alginate/BMBG NPs (20 wt. %) loaded composite hydrogel were performed. Next, 66 teeth of 3 dogs were allocated into 3 groups (each including 22 teeth) according to post-operative follow-up period: group I: 2 weeks, group II: 4 weeks, and group III: 8 weeks. Each group was further subdivided according to pulpotomy filling material into two subgroups, with subgroup 1 (alginate/BMBGNPs (20 wt. %) loaded hydrogel) and subgroup 2 mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Pulp chambers were mechanically exposed through class V cavities. A complete pulpotomy was executed. The tested materials were positioned on the radicular pulp and finally covered with resin composite restorations. One dog was sacrificed after 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Teeth were prepared for histological evaluation assessing inflammatory cell response, pulp tissue organisation, and dentin bridge formation. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to evaluate the scores of histological parameters between tested materials (P ≤ .05).

Alginate/BMBG NPs (20 wt. %) loaded hydrogel showed normal pulp configuration at 2 and 4 weeks, which was enhanced after 8 weeks (P ≤ .05). Moderate inflammatory reaction was noted at 2 weeks, which was improved after 4 and 8 weeks (P ≤ .05). MTA group demonstrated less favourable pulpal response and inflammatory reaction with a statistically significant difference across all observational periods (P ≤ .05). After 8 weeks all teeth in group 1 exhibited the thickest dentin bridge (P ≤ .05).

Alginate/BMBG NPs (20 wt. %) loaded hydrogel offers the promise of regenerating dentin and maintaining pulp vitality reaching the desired level as an alternative to MTA.

Alginate/BMBG NP loaded hydrogel is an alternative, reliable option for vital pulp therapy.