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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Ribosomes modulate transcriptome abundance via generalized frameshift and out-of-frame mRNA decay.

Yujie Zhang1, Lilit Nersisyan2, Eliska Fürst3

  • 1SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 65, Sweden.

Molecular Cell
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

In poor nutrition, yeast cells use -1 ribosome frameshifts to trigger mRNA decay, reducing protein synthesis and growth. This conserved mechanism links protein demand to mRNA control.

Keywords:
NMDcodon optimalityframeshiftmRNA decayout-of-frame

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular adaptation to environmental changes relies on transcriptome regulation.
  • mRNA abundance is controlled by synthesis and decay rates.
  • Nutritional status significantly impacts cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how yeast cells adapt their transcriptome under poor nutritional conditions.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms controlling mRNA decay in response to nutrient limitation.
  • To identify factors that induce mRNA decay and assess the conservation of this process.

Main Methods:

  • RNA metabolic labeling to quantify mRNA decay rates.
  • Analysis of ribosome frameshifting events (-1 frameshifts).
  • Investigation of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway involvement.
  • Assessment of codon optimality's role in mRNA decay induction.

Main Results:

  • Poor nutrition induces -1 ribosome frameshifts in the S. cerevisiae transcriptome.
  • Accelerated, out-of-frame, co-translational mRNA decay occurs under nutrient stress.
  • Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) accounts for at least one-third of total mRNA decay in poor conditions.
  • Low codon optimality is identified as a key factor triggering this mRNA decay mechanism.
  • The observed phenomenon is conserved across bacteria and humans.

Conclusions:

  • A direct feedback mechanism couples protein demand with mRNA abundance control to limit cellular growth.
  • Ribosome frameshifting and subsequent mRNA decay serve as a regulatory response to nutrient scarcity.
  • This study expands the understanding of mRNA quality control's functional roles in cellular regulation.