Choroidal hypopigmented lesions: A review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Choroidal hypopigmented lesions (CHLs) present diagnostic challenges due to diverse origins (neoplastic, infectious, inflammatory).
• Accurate differentiation between benign and malignant CHLs is critical for appropriate patient management and avoiding invasive procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To integrate current research and guidelines on advanced multimodal imaging for CHLs.
• To compare the diagnostic value of various imaging modalities in differentiating CHL etiologies.
• To evaluate the clinical implications of advanced imaging in distinguishing benign from malignant choroidal lesions.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of the latest research and clinical guidelines.
• Emphasis on advanced multimodal imaging techniques: swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), B-scan ultrasound, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).
• Comparative analysis of the diagnostic value of these modalities across different CHL etiologies.

Main Results:

• Advanced multimodal imaging modalities substantially enhance diagnostic precision for CHLs.
• These technologies improve the capability to distinguish between various lesion types, increasing diagnostic accuracy.
• The study highlights the clinical utility of these techniques in differentiating benign from malignant choroidal lesions.

Conclusions:

• Advanced imaging techniques are crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of CHLs.
• Improved diagnostic accuracy leads to more targeted and effective therapeutic strategies.
• Multimodal imaging offers a non-invasive approach to better characterize choroidal lesions and guide clinical decisions.