Microplastics: Hidden drivers of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic systems

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Microbiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments form biofilms, creating the plastisphere.
• The plastisphere acts as a reservoir for microorganisms, pollutants, and pathogens.
• The 'Plastiome' describes the plastisphere's role in spreading antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically synthesize updated insights into the behavior of the plastiome.
• To explore the development and behavior of plastics and their interactions with ARGs and pathogens in aquatic ecosystems.
• To identify research opportunities and recommend strategies for understanding plastiome-driven antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the plastisphere, ARGs, pathogens, and AMR in aquatic environments.
• Analysis of studies on microplastic-associated microbial communities.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on the mechanisms of ARG enrichment and propagation by the plastiome.

Main Results:

• Microplastics selectively enrich ARGs and pathogenic microorganisms, forming distinct microbial communities.
• The plastiome facilitates horizontal ARG propagation, increasing antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
• This process poses substantial risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health.

Conclusions:

• The plastisphere is a significant factor in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments.
• Understanding the plastiome is crucial for mitigating the spread of AMR.
• Further research is needed to develop effective strategies against plastiome-driven antibiotic resistance.