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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy
14:10

Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy

Published on: October 20, 2011

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TEER for Small Mitral Valve Area: Clip Deployment at a Specific Angle.

Xinping Lin1, Wangxing Hu1, Kaida Ren1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

JACC. Case Reports
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair effectively treats mitral regurgitation. The DragonFly system, used in a case study, successfully reduced regurgitation while maintaining a safe mitral valve pressure gradient.

Keywords:
mitral regurgitationsmall mitral valve areatranscatheter edge-to-edge repair

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Structural Heart Disease

Background:

  • Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is a safe and effective treatment for mitral regurgitation.
  • Potential risk of inducing mitral stenosis exists in patients with small mitral valve areas.

Observation:

  • A 76-year-old female presented with decompensated heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation (effective regurgitant orifice area 0.39 cm²).
  • Anterior leaflet prolapse (A2-P2 region) was identified via transesophageal echocardiography.
  • The DragonFly system was used for TEER, with successful clip deployment at a 17° angle.

Findings:

  • Successful deployment of the DragonFly system achieved a balance between reducing mitral regurgitation and controlling the mitral valve pressure gradient.
  • Post-procedure transesophageal echocardiography showed a mitral valve pressure gradient of 5 mm Hg and mild residual regurgitation.

Implications:

  • The DragonFly system allows for safe deployment at specific angles, optimizing outcomes in TEER procedures.
  • This approach can effectively manage mitral regurgitation while mitigating the risk of iatrogenic mitral stenosis.