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Predictors of incomplete childhood vaccination in four West African countries: a population based cross-sectional

Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele1, Hassan Seun Ogunwemimo2, Funmito Omolola Fehintola3

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria. femidele@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports
|May 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Incomplete childhood vaccination remains high in West Africa, affecting 67% of children. Factors like maternal education and antenatal care access significantly reduce the risk of incomplete vaccination, highlighting areas for intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Incomplete childhood vaccination poses a significant risk for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs) and outbreak propagation.
  • Understanding vaccination gaps is crucial for public health strategies in West Africa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of incomplete vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in four West African nations.
  • To identify key predictors associated with incomplete vaccination in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of four West African countries.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression analysis on a weighted sample of 11,333 children.
  • Statistical significance was determined using a p-value of < 0.05.

Main Results:

  • The pooled prevalence of incomplete vaccination was found to be 67%.
  • Maternal factors such as antenatal clinic attendance (AOR 0.46), education (AOR 0.54), and employment (AOR 0.88) were associated with lower odds of incomplete vaccination.
  • Childhood vaccination completion was also positively associated with facility delivery (AOR 0.85), higher household wealth (AOR 0.85), and older maternal age (AOR 0.69).

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of incomplete childhood vaccination necessitates targeted interventions in West Africa.
  • Addressing identified barriers, including maternal education, healthcare access, and socioeconomic factors, is vital for improving vaccination coverage.
  • Policy and program implementation should focus on country-specific and regional predictors to enhance immunization rates.

Keywords:
ChildrenCorrelatesPrevalenceVaccination

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