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Related Concept Videos

Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area01:12

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The moment of inertia is a fundamental concept in mechanical engineering that plays a significant role in designing rotationally symmetric objects such as flywheels, gears, and other mechanical systems. In this context, we will discuss the moment of inertia of a flywheel rotating about its centroidal axis and how it relates to the moment of inertia about an axis parallel to it.
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A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...
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Box plots (also called box-and-whisker plots or box-whisker plots) give an excellent graphical image of the concentration of the data. They also show how far the extreme values are from most data. A box plot is constructed from five values: the minimum value, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum value. We use these values to compare how close other data values are to them. To construct a box plot, use a horizontal or vertical number line and a rectangular box. The...
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A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...
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A standard box and whisker plot informs us about the spread of the data in a given sample. One can identify the minimum value, maximum value, first quartile value, second quartile or median value, and third quartile.
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The parallel-axis theorem provides a convenient and quick method of finding the moment of inertia of an object about an axis parallel to the axis passing through its center of mass. Consider a thin rod as an example. There is a striking similarity between the process of finding the moment of inertia of a thin rod about an axis through its middle, where the center of mass lies, and about an axis through its end using the conventional method. In the conventional method, the concept of linear mass...
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A novel pythonic paradigm for image encryption using axis-aligned bounding boxes.

Abdulbasid Banga1, Akifa Abbas2, Danish Ali2

  • 1College of Computing and Informatics (CCI), Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia.

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This study presents a new image encryption algorithm using axis-aligned bounding boxes and chaotic maps for secure gray-scale image transmission. The method ensures confidentiality and integrity for sensitive digital images in various applications.

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Chaotic mapNon-linearityRandom numbersS-BoxSmart citiesWireless communication security

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cryptography
  • Image Processing

Background:

  • Digital images are crucial for information exchange across sectors.
  • Unauthorized access to sensitive images poses significant security risks.
  • Existing encryption methods require enhancement for robust image security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel image encryption algorithm for safeguarding gray-scale digital images.
  • To enhance image confidentiality and integrity using advanced cryptographic techniques.
  • To validate the algorithm's effectiveness and practical applicability.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging axis-aligned bounding boxes to create a 3D image representation.
  • Implementing pixel swapping guided by a 5D multi-wing hyper-chaotic map for confusion.
  • Introducing diffusion effects via XOR operations with a piece-wise linear chaotic map.
  • Utilizing private key cryptography and Python simulations for validation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high information entropy (7.99985), indicating strong confusion.
  • Demonstrated efficient performance with a computational speed of 0.3987 seconds.
  • Validated the algorithm's robustness and feasibility on four gray-scale images.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed image encryption algorithm offers a secure and efficient solution for protecting sensitive gray-scale images.
  • The method's strong security features and speed make it suitable for diverse real-world applications.
  • This research contributes a novel approach to digital image security in the modern digital landscape.