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Updated: May 23, 2025

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Agronomic solutions to decrease arsenic concentrations in rice.

Marguerita E Leavitt1, Michele L Reba2, Angelia L Seyfferth3

  • 1Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.

Environmental Geochemistry and Health
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing arsenic (As) in rice is crucial for human health. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation, combined with soil amendments, effectively lowers As levels in rice grains.

Keywords:
Alternate wetting and dryingArsenic toxicityRiceSoil amendments

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Science
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Rice plants readily accumulate arsenic (As), a toxic metalloid present naturally and from pollution in agricultural soils.
  • Elevated As concentrations in rice grains pose significant human health risks, especially with regular consumption and use in infant foods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence-based strategies for mitigating arsenic accumulation in rice.
  • To provide recommendations for implementing these arsenic reduction techniques.
  • To identify barriers and knowledge gaps from producer and stakeholder perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of arsenic mitigation strategies in rice.
  • Interviews with rice producers and stakeholders to assess implementation challenges.
  • Analysis of irrigation management, soil/foliar amendments, cultivar selection, and post-harvest processing.

Main Results:

  • Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation is a highly effective, climate-smart, and potentially cost-neutral method to reduce grain As.
  • Combining AWD irrigation with specific soil amendments significantly enhanced arsenic reduction.
  • Most field-level mitigation strategies lack large-scale, commercial production trial data.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated approaches, combining irrigation and amendments, offer the most effective arsenic reduction in rice.
  • Developing and implementing best management strategies requires farmer collaboration and further large-scale field research.
  • Addressing knowledge gaps and farm-specific circumstances is essential for widespread adoption of mitigation techniques.