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TREM2 in cardiovascular diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

Wengen Zhu1, Yue Zhou2, Yufan Wang3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.

Ageing Research Reviews
|May 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) influences cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating immune responses. Understanding TREM2

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of mortality.
  • Immune responses are central to CVD pathogenesis.
  • Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a key immune regulator in CVDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the structure, function, and signaling pathways of TREM2.
  • To highlight TREM2's roles in various cardiovascular conditions, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of TREM2's involvement in cardiovascular diseases.
  • Analysis of TREM2's context-dependent effects on inflammation, lipid metabolism, and tissue repair.
  • Examination of TREM2 signaling pathways in different CVD models.

Main Results:

  • TREM2 exhibits dual roles in atherosclerosis, promoting early plaque progression and enhancing late-stage plaque stability.
  • In myocardial infarction, TREM2 modulates macrophage populations and efferocytosis, supporting cardiac repair.
  • TREM2 demonstrates protective effects in hypertensive heart disease by reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair.

Conclusions:

  • TREM2 is a critical regulator of immune responses in cardiovascular diseases with diverse roles.
  • Therapeutic targeting of TREM2 presents challenges due to its context-dependent functions and complex signaling.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating TREM2 mechanisms and developing stage-specific therapies for CVDs.
Keywords:
Cardiovascular DiseasesInflammationLipid MetabolismTherapeutic PotentialTriggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2

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