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Updated: May 20, 2025

RNA Next-Generation Sequencing and a Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Expressed LINE-1s at the Locus-Specific Level
Published on: May 19, 2019
Advances in understanding LINE-1 regulation and function in the human genome
1State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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LINE-1 (long interspersed nuclear element 1, L1) retrotransposons constitute ~17% of human DNA (~0.5 million genomic L1 copies) and exhibit context-dependent expression in different cell lines. Recent studies reveal that L1 is under multilayered control by diverse factors that either collaborate or compete with each other to ensure precise L1 activity. Remarkably, L1s have been co-opted as various transcription-dependent regulatory elements, such as promoters, enhancers, and topologically associating domain (TAD) boundaries, that regulate gene expression in zygotic genome activation, aging, cancer, and other disorders. This review highlights the regulation of L1 and its regulatory functions that influence disease and development.
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