Designing a Multi-Stakeholder Intervention for Return to Work After Burnout. A Participatory Approach

Burnout is a leading cause of prolonged sick leave and workforce withdrawal, with high relapse rates after return to work (RTW). Despite its classification as an occupational phenomenon, RTW interventions for burnout to date predominantly focus on individual recovery, often neglecting workplace-directed strategies. This study aimed to develop a multi-stakeholder RTW intervention, integrating both individual and organizational components through a participatory, iterative design process.

Using a Design Thinking approach structured within the Double Diamond framework, this study employed a co-creation methodology to engage employees, supervisors, HR professionals, occupational health practitioners, and other RTW experts in the development of a comprehensive RTW intervention. The process unfolded through iterative cycles of stakeholder engagement, prototyping, and refinement. Formative usability testing was conducted to assess feasibility, practicality, and alignment with workplace needs.

The intervention included three key components: (1) a neutral RTW facilitator role and corresponding training program for facilitators supporting employees and supervisors; (2) a structured step-by-step RTW process with distinct pre- and post-RTW phases; and (3) a supporting toolbox incorporating conversation cards and a digital tool for progress monitoring.

This study highlights the feasibility of a multi-stakeholder, design-driven approach to RTW intervention development. By aligning the intervention with real-world needs through participatory design, the intervention holds the promise for reducing relapse and supporting sustainable RTW. Future research should evaluate its effectiveness in real-world implementation and its impact on long-term work retention.