Childhood Smoking Initiation, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Adulthood
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Starting smoking in childhood significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and stroke. Early initiation combined with high genetic susceptibility leads to the earliest onset of these conditions.
Area Of Science
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background
- Early-life exposures, such as smoking initiation age, are critical determinants of adult health.
- Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) quantify an individual's genetic susceptibility to diseases.
- Understanding the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors like smoking is vital for disease prevention.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the independent and combined associations of age of smoking initiation and PRSs with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- To examine the impact on specific CVD outcomes: overall CVDs, coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation (AF), and stroke.
- To determine if genetic susceptibility modifies the effect of early smoking on cardiovascular disease onset.
Main Methods
- Utilized multivariable-adjusted accelerated failure time models to analyze data.
- Assessed the time ratios (TRs) for incident CVDs, CAD, AF, and stroke based on smoking initiation age.
- Examined the joint effects of smoking initiation age and PRSs on cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Main Results
- Smoking initiation at ages 5-14 and 15-17 years was associated with accelerated incidence of overall CVDs, CAD, AF, and stroke compared to never smokers.
- Participants with high PRSs who initiated smoking in childhood (ages 5-14) exhibited the earliest onset for all studied cardiovascular outcomes.
- The most pronounced acceleration in CVD incidence was observed in individuals with high PRSs and early childhood smoking initiation (TRs ranging from 0.48 to 0.70).
Conclusions
- Childhood smoking initiation significantly hastens the onset of major cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
- Individuals with high genetic susceptibility who start smoking in childhood face a substantially earlier risk of developing CVDs.
- These findings underscore the critical importance of preventing early-life smoking to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk, especially in genetically predisposed individuals.
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