Mapping the pathway to anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) use

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Sociology
• Sports Science

Background:

• Body dissatisfaction is a central factor influencing anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use.
• Sociocultural, psychological, and behavioral influences shape body image and dissatisfaction.
• Media-driven ideals, gender, and sexual orientation significantly impact body image.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a model explaining the relationship between body dissatisfaction and AAS use.
• To identify key sociocultural, psychological, and behavioral influences on this relationship.
• To highlight the role of social media and marginalized groups in this cycle.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual model development.
• Literature synthesis on body image, AAS use, disordered eating, and exercise.
• Analysis of influences including media, gender, sexual orientation, and personality traits.

Main Results:

• A cyclical model where body dissatisfaction drives AAS use, which exacerbates dissatisfaction.
• Disordered eating behaviors and intense exercise act as indirect contributors, especially in fitness communities.
• Social media and heteronormative beauty norms amplify the cycle, particularly for LGBTQI+ individuals.

Conclusions:

• Early interventions targeting societal standards and individual vulnerabilities are crucial for body acceptance and reducing AAS use.
• Nuanced research is needed to understand the interplay between body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and exercise.
• Approaches must consider sex and gender diversity to effectively reduce AAS use and disordered eating behaviors.