Revisiting the Delphi technique - Research thinking and practice: A discussion paper

Area of Science:

• Social Sciences
• Health Sciences
• Information Systems

Background:

• The Delphi technique, developed by Rand Corporation, traditionally builds expert consensus on uncertain issues.
• Its application has broadened across disciplines like nursing, health, and social sciences.
• Methodological diversity has increased, challenging traditional applications and rigor.

Purpose of the Study:

• Critically reflect on the current application and methodological development of the Delphi technique.
• Revisit the method's evolution and controversies, building on prior work.
• Examine key aspects and advances of the Delphi technique, particularly concerning its flexibility and rigor.

Main Methods:

• Critical reflection on existing literature regarding the Delphi technique.
• Analysis of methodological diversity and its impact on traditional applications.
• Review of emerging guidelines aimed at preserving the integrity of the Delphi method.

Main Results:

• The Delphi technique's flexibility is a strength but also a challenge.
• Balancing flexibility with rigor is crucial for actionable outcomes.
• There is a need for consensus on the Delphi technique itself to ensure methodological integrity.

Conclusions:

• The Delphi technique's evolution necessitates a critical re-evaluation of its application.
• Achieving a balance between flexibility and rigor is essential for robust Delphi studies.
• Further consensus on the Delphi technique's core principles is needed to guide its diverse applications.